Craniofacial Microsomia
Overview
Also known as hemifacial microsomia, this condition involves underdevelopment of the lower half of one side of the face. It primarily affects the ear and jaw but can impact other facial structures.
The exact cause is often unknown, but it's thought to relate to a vascular problem (a bleed) during early fetal development, disrupting blood supply to the developing face. It is typically not inherited.
Treatment is highly individualized and may involve a multi-stage surgical plan to reconstruct the ear, lengthen the jaw, and correct dental alignment. Hearing aids and speech therapy may also be necessary.
Challenges can include hearing loss on the affected side, dental and orthodontic issues, and difficulties with chewing and speaking. As with other visible differences, it can also present social and emotional hurdles.